Connection Guide · Fasteners & screw threads

Hex Socket Screw Drive

A hexagonal recess (internal hex drive) in a part, such as a screw head, set screw or leveling-foot stem, that accepts a hex key (Allen key) or hex bit so the part can be turned. It is a tool-drive interface, not a joint between two parts.

Illustration of a Hex Socket Screw Drive
Stands for
Hex = hexagon; the socket is the female six-sided recess. 'Allen' is a genericized trademark of the Allen Manufacturing Company.
Gender
female
Connects by
insertion, friction
Standards
ISO 4762 (hexagon socket head cap screws; hex socket head cap screws); ISO 2936 (hexagon socket screw keys); ASME B18.3 (socket cap, shoulder and set screws, inch)
Regions
worldwide

How it connects

The male hexagonal key slides into the matching recess; torque is transmitted through the six flats. No seal or retention; it is a temporary tool engagement.

Male and female halves

Female: the hex recess in the part (this connection). Male: the hex key or hex bit, sized by width across flats.

Usually connects to

  • Matching-AF hex/Allen key, including L-keys
  • Hex driver bit or ratchet hex-bit socket

Common sizes

  • Sized across flats: metric about 0.7–27 mm, commonly 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10 mm.
  • Inch sizes run about 0.028–1 in, commonly 1/16, 5/64, 3/32, 1/8, 5/32, 3/16, 1/4, 5/16 and 3/8 in.
  • A leveling-foot example is about 4 mm across flats.

Where it is used

Socket-head/set screwsFurniture fittings/assemblyMachinery construction and leveling feetBicyclesAdjustable spring-hinge tensioning

Variations

  • Metric or inch/SAE AF size
  • Center-pin tamper-resistant hex
  • Ball-end-compatible socket

How to recognise it

A six-sided, flat-walled recess usually in the end face of a screw head or stem, often with a conical bottom from drilling. Size is the distance across opposite flats. Often supplied with a matching L-shaped hex key.

Often confused with

Confused withHow to tell them apart
Torx (hexalobular) socketTorx has six rounded lobes like a star; hex has six straight flats and sharp corners.
external hex (hex head / hex nut)External hex is a male six-sided head turned with a wrench or socket; the hex-key socket is a recess. An external hex is a male hex profile turned with a wrench, not a recess.
metric vs inch hex of near sizeMeasure across flats; e.g. 5/32 in (3.97 mm) vs 4 mm fit loosely and strip easily.
Square (Robertson) socketSquare has four flats, hex has six.
External hex (wrench flats/hex head)External hex is a male hex profile turned by a wrench; internal hex is a recess turned by a key.

Also called

Allen socketinternal hex drivehexagon socketAllen driveinbus (DE)hex socket drivehex recess

Good to know

This is a tool-drive interface. A hex key can turn the stem of a leveling foot for adjustment; check the across-flats size.

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